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Knot (mathematics) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Knot (mathematics)
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R3 (also known as E3), considered up to continuous deformations (isotopies). A crucial difference between the standard mathematical and conventional notions of a knot is that mathematical knots are closed—there are no ends to tie or untie on a mathematical knot. Physical properties such as friction and thickness also do not apply, although there are mathematical definitions of a knot that take such properties into account. The term ''knot'' is also applied to embeddings of in , especially in the case . The branch of mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory, and has many simple relations to graph theory. ==Formal definition==
A knot is an embedding of the circle (S1) into three-dimensional Euclidean space (R3). or the 3-sphere, S3, since the 3-sphere is compact.〔, p. 33; , pp. 246–250.〕 Two knots are defined to be equivalent if there is an ambient isotopy between them.
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